Inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and study summary
It is normal clinical practice to offer several months of adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with early breast cancer who have involved axillary lymph nodes. A recommendation for chemotherapy is incorporated into a number of guidelines. Recently however it has been argued that chemotherapy may have little effect on the subtype of breast cancer that is broadly identified as being hormonally responsive without HER2 gene amplification/HER2 protein overexpression and with a low or intermediate grade. These patients already benefit substantially from hormonal therapies and for many, the addition of chemotherapy is thought to confer no significant additional survival advantage. Conventional clinico-pathological assessment however does not reliably identify those individuals with this breast cancer subtype who can safely avoid chemotherapy. Preliminary evidence however strongly suggests that multi-parameter genomic tests are superior to conventional assessment at identifying patients who will not significantly benefit from chemotherapy despite being at risk of relapse as a result of tumour size or lymph node involvement. The OPTIMA trial seeks to advance the development of personalised treatment of early breast cancer by the prospective evaluation of multi-parameter analysis as a means of identifying those patients who are likely to benefit from chemotherapy whilst sparing those who are unlikely to do so from an unnecessary and unpleasant treatment, and to establish the cost-effectiveness of this approach. The OPTIMA study population would ordinarily be treated with a combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. The trial compares the management of patients using test-directed assignment to chemotherapy with standard management (chemotherapy) in a non-inferiority design. A preliminary phase of the study, OPTIMA prelim, was successfully completed. OPTIMA prelim demonstrated the feasibility of a large scale trial and selected the test technology to be used in the main trial.